The Middle-East Countries and the U.S Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The author of the paper identified that the Middle-East countries are those countries which stretch over south-western Asia to North- Eastern Africa. The lists of Middle-East countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The Middle East has been the arena of catastrophic events in recent years which accommodates three wars since 1980. These wars were Iran-Iraq war which started in the year 1980 and lasted till 1988; the Israeli aggression towards Lebanon in the year 1982 and the United States declared war against Iraq in the year 1991. These wars not only had a tremendous adverse impact on Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon but also it ensured the involvement of the United States with these three countries. The region provides the most vital source of the world s supply of energy but this region has been the most crucial area in the history of the world. D ue to various causes, whether it has been geographical, political, ethical, historical, ideological, economic or diplomatic, the entanglement of U. S.We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle-East Countries and the U.S or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In early 1970s U. S. economy had the command over its military and used it to dominate the other nations. The prevailing conservativeness of the U. S. economy needs to be ruled out and they should also learn to respect to cultures of other nations and also adopt the viewpoints of other nations.

The United States And The Mexican American War - 1137 Words

The United States believed that it was their God given right to spread from coast to coast. The people of the young nation set out to do just that on a journey unofficially called the Manifest Destiny. President James. K. Polk offered Mexico twenty-five million dollars for the area of Texas and told Mexican leaders to name their price on California. The United States needed the land to fulfill their destiny to spread across the continent. Although the offer was a very generous Mexico declined. Thereby, American troops were sent down past the Nueces River to â€Å"poke† or cause enough tension for Mexicans to fire upon American troops to start the first battle. The Mexicans believed the Nueces River was the border of America and Mexico, but†¦show more content†¦The gold rush in all brought in over two billion dollars worth of the desired metal. Had the United States not done what it took to get the land the discovery of gold could have been postponed decades. Therefor e, meaning America may not have ever gotten that money. Not only was the gold rush favorable to the economy, but the land was also great for agriculture and industry. Numerous citizens that moved west did not do so for gold, several moved west to start a business or a farm. The businesses started over in the west would prove to be for the best for most families and helped the United States’ economy. The idea of moving west and finding gold or start a business to help the â€Å"49ers† to get rich quick thrilled many American citizens which aided the growth of the west. The land was not the only benefit; the Mexican American war was the first war in American history to be fought primarily on foreign soil. So because the war was fought on Mexico’s land the United States did not have to pay for damages done during the conflict. As a result, the American economy did not take another devastating hit to pay for the wreckage. Overall the decision to go to war with Mexi co for the land was an economic success, although it caused controversy socially and politically. Politically the bloodshed and enmity between the Mexicans and Americans was a disaster. The war caused more problems than itShow MoreRelatedMexican American War : The United States896 Words   |  4 PagesMexican-American war is the war between the United States and Mexico that began in 1846 and ended in 1848. This war broke out because of the unresolved conflicts between the U.S. and Mexico about the borders of Texas. Before 1836, Texas was a part of Mexico, but later it gained independence and named itself the Republic of Texas. After that, Texas was annexed by the United States. The Western and Southern borders of the state remained unclear, and tension between the two countries was rising regardingRead MoreMexican American War : The United States784 Words   |  4 Pages Mexican-American War The Mexican-American War is one of the deadliest wars in U.S. History. This war was a Battle driven by Manifest Destiny for the Americans to acquire the territory of Texas that they felt belonged to them. But Mexico refused to give up the territory to the United States. The war consisted of several issues between the United States and Mexico that couldn’t be negotiated or resolved without the use of force. After a border incident between Mexican and American troops. PresidentRead MoreMexican American War And The United States1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important war in the history of United State was the â€Å"Mexican-American War†, also called by Mexicans â€Å"the United State Invasion†. The war begun in the 19th century when the United State expansion cause disagreements with the Mexicans. One important character in the United State side was the president James K. Polk who served during the war time. Beside Mexico side the president Santa Anna le d Mexico to the first the battle of Mexico with Texas which later one bring the war between this twoRead MoreMexican American War : The United States Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesMexican-American War The Mexican American war did indeed allow us to complete Manifest Destiny, because off all the states that was annexed when Mexico lost the war. The Mexican American war was the final little push to help us achieve that move west. The move west and south was not an easy one, since there were a lot of people opposing it, and different debates that were held on slavery which grew much tension. Onto the move to the west and the annexation of the Mexican land the President Polk hadRead MoreThe Mexican American War : A War Between Mexico And The United States1229 Words   |  5 PagesMonica Vela Kerry Jones Composition II November 24, 2014 The Mexican-American War was a war between Mexico and the United States that initiated in 1846 and finished in 1848 in the wake of the U.S capture of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its land. After independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico inherited the provinces of California, New Mexico and Texas. Enervated and virtually bankrupt after the war, the new Mexican government could not control its northern territories that were thousandsRead MoreThe Mexican American War : An Important Part Of United States History Essay1928 Words   |  8 PagesMany historians consider the Mexican-American war to be an important part of United States’ history. It allowed the young nation to uncover what their true values were and come into its potential as a world power. The Mexican-American war cemented the United States’ role as a world power as the people banded together and put aside differences to secure the supremacy of their way of life. It expanded the values of the American society beyond parochial lives and improved the overall quality of lifeRead MoreMexico s Independence From Spain Becoming A Young Independent Country Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges after the wars for independence. The economy had been ravaged. Many had died. The social dislocation caused by the wars and all its residual wounds had still to be healed. And in this chaotic environment the Mexican tried to forge a nation out of growing economic, social, and political, instability. An independent Mexican congress was also formed made up of conservative criollos who debate the future course of Mexico. Mexico was organized as a federal republic composed of 19 states and 4 territoriesRead MoreThe Mexican American War Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has been through many wars, wars concerning many things such as land oil, pride and respect. However, when the United States went to war with Mexico, it was planned over greed. The Mexican- American war w as a war provoked by the United States, in efforts to expand the coasts of the country. Mexico was a small under privileged country who had previously to the war had already lost part of their country (Texas). Needless to say this war was cut throat and violent, it wasRead More The Ethnicity of Mexians in the United States Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethnicity of Mexians in the United States For centuries, Mexican Americans have dealt with an enormous amount of hardships that date back to their early Aztec roots. The source of many problems in Mexican American history can be traced in the pre-colonial period, before the United States of America was even conceived. Major problems of this era in history not only affected the Aztecs, but also the following generations of Aztec and Mexican descent, and continue to have an impact on their descendentsRead MoreThe Mexican-American War Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagesdisregard for the toll a war can take on human lives. When the Alamo was fought back in February 1836, it was about the independence of Texas from Mexico. In retaliation of the death and destruction of human life, Sam Houston retaliated in April and killed 630 Mexican soldiers and took General Santa Anna prisoner (Tindall Shi, 2010). This was the start of the independence of Texas and the quest for annexation into the United States, which ultimately led to the Mexic an-American War of 1846-1848. This

Treatment in a Correctional Setting

Question: Describe about the Treatment in a Correctional Setting? Answer: The model used both in United States and Europe works in improving the behavior of the people or criminals so that they can realize their mistakes and be a better person. Both the model falls under correctional institution so that discipline and order can be maintained in the society. On the other hand, the custodial model and rehabilitation models are enforced to bring law and regulation in the society and the environment of the nation do not get disturbed and ethical nature are followed by each and everyone (D.umn.edu, 2015). Apart from the similarity, both the models are also different in one or other way. The major purpose of the custodial model is to have control over illegal activities and focus on maintain order and security in the society. Further its goal is to provide punishment to the criminals so that they do not conduct any crime in the future (Hodgson, 2013). On the other hand, the custodial model makes sure that the life of criminals are made unpleasant so that they ne ed to think thrice or more before committing any new illegal activity. Apart from that, the rehabilitation model deals with the act of rehabilitate that is providing normal life and restore health so that they can live effective life after imprisonment. Moreover, the people are provided training and therapy so that they do not fall into any addiction or crime (Law.jrank.org, 2015). Therefore, the purpose of this model is to redevelop, restore and convert the criminals to become better person. On the other hand, the rehabilitation model focus on the reason behind the crime committed by the people and treating them to not fall into further crime by providing training and coaching. Further, the criminals are allowed to have a contact and communication with other people which is not possible under custodial model (Apa.org, 2015). If the selection is to be made between custodial model and rehabilitation model then the rehabilitation model will be selected. The rehabilitation provide a second chance to the criminal to be a better person and work for the society and also it helps in changing the behavior which is not possible in custodial model (McCarthy, 2012). For instance in order to sort the issue of reoffending and reconviction, the government of UK has focused on implementation of rehabilitation programmes so that the criminal do not conduct any false activities in future. Therefore, custodial model may not be that effective as the strict supervisor and treatment is done on the criminals (Apa.org, 2015). If the question of adopting both the model in UK and US arises then yes both model can be followed. For instance, if the person conducts rape again and again the person has to be taken under custodial model so that the person never thinks of doing rape in future. On the other hand, if the person is falling into drug addiction and buys or supply the drug on regular basis then the person has to be taken under rehabilitation model so that better treatment and training can be provided to overcome the issues of drug (Pitsela Antonopoulou, 2012). References D.umn.edu,. (2015). Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation: Policy, Practice, and Prospects. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.d.umn.edu/~jmaahs/Correctional%20Assessment/cullen%20and%20gendreau_CJ2000.pdf Hodgson, J. (2013). Making custodial legal advice more effective in France. Criminal Justice Matters, 92(1), 14-15. doi:10.1080/09627251.2013.805366 https://www.apa.org,. (2015). Rehabilitate or punish?. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug03/rehab.aspx Law.jrank.org,. (2015). Rehabilitation - What Is Rehabilitation?. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://law.jrank.org/pages/1933/Rehabilitation-What-rehabilitation.html McCarthy, E. (2012). Custodial Competition Benefits Advisers. CFA Magazine, 23(3), 42-43. doi:10.2469/cfm.v23.n3.24 Pitsela, A., Antonopoulou, A. (2012). Irregular Migrants under Criminal Sanctions: Rehabilitation and After-Care Perspectives in Greece. European Journal Of Probation, 4(3), 37-53. doi:10.1177/206622031200400304

How enzyme ripeness in pineapple affects the setting of gelatine Essay Example

How enzyme ripeness in pineapple affects the setting of gelatine Paper Gelatine, more commonly known as Jelly, is a substance that consists mainly of collagen, a protein found in animal tendons and skin. The gelatine used for cooking purposes is usually in the form of granules. These granules swell when they are re-hydrated in water, but only fully dissolve in hot water. As this solution cools it sets to a moisture holding gel. This gel forms due to the proteins in gelatine joining to form a web like structure. In Module 1 A-level Biology, we learn about the structure of a protein molecule. A protein molecule is formed when amino acids join together by condensation, forming a peptide bond and water as a bi-product. A chain of many amino acids is known as a polypeptide and a protein can consist of one or more of these. The opposite of condensation is hydrolysis. When hydrolysis occurs a peptide bond is broken and water is used up in the reaction. There are specific enzymes called proteases (Module 2), which can be found in fruits such as pineapple, that speed up the hydrolysis reaction that breaks down protein molecules. From research I have found that it is a protease called bromelain found in pineapple, which in the scenario is preventing the gelatine from setting by breaking up the proteins forming the web like structure. It is also in Module 1 that we learn how enzymes perform such tasks, and the conditions that best suit them. Enzymes are proteins which act as catalysts. They have a tertiary structure that provides them with an active site; a groove in the enzyme surface that combines precisely with a substrate of a specific shape and charge. We will write a custom essay sample on How enzyme ripeness in pineapple affects the setting of gelatine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How enzyme ripeness in pineapple affects the setting of gelatine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How enzyme ripeness in pineapple affects the setting of gelatine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The lock and key hypothesis states that the substrate binds to the active site to form an enzyme substrate complex. The substrate is then altered to form the product of the reaction and is released from the active site. The induced fit hypothesis is a more recent theory which suggests that the active site actually changes shape to mould itself to the substrate. The tertiary structure of enzymes also causes them to be sensitive to temperature and pH, and an enzyme will denature in extremes of these conditions. When an enzyme denatures it is no longer functional because the active site has changed shape and consequently the substrate molecule will not be able to combine with the enzyme. Increasing the temperature gives molecules more kinetic energy, so they collide more frequently and the rate increases. This is also true for enzymes up to a certain point: the optimum temperature. Above this temperature, enzymes vibrate so much that their structure is damaged and the active site altered. A change in pH disrupts the charges; consequently the active site cannot bind to the substrate. Plants produce fruit to acts as a delivery system for seeds. Fruit consist of carbohydrates that make them taste sweet (Module 1), providing attractive food for animals, which will help aid the dispersion of the seeds. Ageing of fruit is known as ripening, and this process is designed to stop animals from eating the fruit before the seeds are fully developed. When under-ripe, pineapples would not be appealing to animals because they are green in colour, tough to eat and acidic. There are enzymes responsible for the ripening of fruit which break down the starch content to produce more sweet sugars and make the fruit softer, making it more edible. Therefore, altering the conditions which effect enzyme rate of reaction, will effect how quickly a pineapple will ripen. Other enzyme activity increases in the fruit during ripening, due to certain hormones (such as ethylene). Applying this rule to pineapple: the bromelain enzyme activity will increase as the pineapple ripens. If I were to put a pineapple in cold conditions, this would slow down the ripening process because the enzymes responsible would have less kinetic energy, and I am therefore indirectly reducing the activity of bromelain. In this investigation scenario, when under-ripe pineapple was used in jelly, it set better than when ripe pineapple was used. Taking in to consideration the information I have found out above, I propose that this could have occurred due to a protease enzyme that breaks down the protein in the jelly, which is more active in the ripe pineapple than the under ripe pineapple. I will now plan a full investigation to prove my proposal by testing pineapples at different stages of ripeness. I will place one pineapple (A) in a freezer for two weeks to stop the ripening process. Another pineapple (B) will be placed in a freezer for one week and kept at room temperature for the second week. The third pineapple (C) will be kept at room temperature for two weeks. I will make sure that any pineapples kept at room temperature will not be placed near a window or radiator where the temperature may fluctuate. The pineapples in the freezer will be kept on the same shelf as each other. I will take the pineapples out of the freezer and place the in the fridge 24 hours before the experiment, to make sure they are all the same temperature at the start. Method I will prepare the jelly, according to instructions on the packet. I will then pour it in to four petri dishes and put it in the fridge to set. Before pouring the jelly in to the dish, I will measure 3/4 of the way up of the dish and make a mark. This mark is where I will pour the jelly up to to make sure that there is the same amount of jelly, which reaches the same height in each dish. To prepare the pineapple, I will remove the top and bottom, stand vertically and remove the skin, cut in to quarters and remove the core. I will not use the core because this is not usually eaten so does not apply to the scenario where the pineapple was being used in food. I will be as consistent as possible with each pineapple to make sure that I am using the same type of tissue. I will then place the quarters in the blender for ten seconds and place in a labelled beaker (labelled A, B or C). Blending the pineapple will break walls of the pineapple tissue, meaning that the enzymes will be more exposed and take effect more quickly than if the pineapple had not been blended. (To take place as soon as possible after step 2) I will take the petri dishes out of the fridge and with a borer make three holes, as far away from each other as possible in the jelly of each of the dishes. I will label the dishes A, B, and C, and measure the diameter of each of the holes made by the borer with a ruler. I will number each of the holes by writing the number on the lid and placing it underneath the dish with numbers in the same place as the corresponding hole. I will use a pipette to place the pineapple pulp in to the holes. Each type of pineapple will be in its own, labelled petri dish. One of the petri dishes will not have any pineapple put in it, and will be used as a control. I will then put the petri dishes back in the fridge and leave them there for seven days. This is enough time for the enzyme, of even the ripest pineapple to take effect. Any longer than this, and the liquefied gel from each hole may join up, making it difficult to take measurements. Putting the dishes back in the fridge will prevent any bacteria or foreign bodies attaching to the jelly which could effect the results. I will start the timer the minute that I have placed the pineapple into the holes, and have a different timer for each petri dish so I know they have had exactly the same amount of time in the fridge. After every 24 hours, I will remove them from the fridge again. From research I have done, I have found that enzymes in the pineapple will turn the gelatine from a gel to a liquid. I will measure the diameter of the area that is liquid and record my results in a table as below.

The Amphawa Floating Market Of Benefit Tourism Essay Essays

The Amphawa Floating Market Of Benefit Tourism Essay Essays The Amphawa Floating Market Of Benefit Tourism Essay Essay The Amphawa Floating Market Of Benefit Tourism Essay Essay Heritage cultural touristry defined as the nostalgia touristry that places particular accent on heritage and cultural attractive forces. Cultural touristry began to be recognized as a distinguishable merchandise class in the late seventiess when touristry sellers realized that some people traveled specially to derive a deeper apprehension of the civilization or a heritage finish This paper concentrates on the country of Amphawa community. This community is composed of many cultural features and subjects which relate to the history of the country, civilizations and life style of Amphawa community, current state of affairs jobs and effects of touristry. Even though the benefits from touristry brought the development of substructure and the income from tourer s outgo, rapid development of community touristry may take to problems and struggles. Many people who came from Bangkok and neighbour had been interested in this country, so the local community had been adapted for new touristry. Cultural touristry with local people take parting would do them recognize the touristry direction which could take the community to existent cultural touristry. Tourism has become the universe s largest industry as the touristry market place has become increasing dramatically, there has been a tendency toward increased specialisation among tourers with cultural touristry has going the fastest turning section of the industry ( Huh, Uysal, and McCleary, 2006 ) . Cultural touristry began to be recognized as a distinguishable merchandise class in the late seventiess when touristry sellers realized that some people traveled specially to derive a deeper apprehension of the civilization or a heritage finish ( McKercher and du Cros, 2002 ) . Sigala and Leslie ( 2005 ) specify heritage and cultural touristry as the section of the touristry industry that places particular accent on heritage and cultural attractive forces The Travel Industry Association of America ( Domestic Travel Market Report, 2003 ) besides listed sing historic finishs as one of the top five activities for tourers in North America. Furthermore, Andersen, Prentice and Guerin ( 1997 ) identified the of import properties of cultural touristry in Denmark as being palaces, gardens, museums, and historical edifices, when tourers made a determination to see the state. In a similar in China, Sofield ( 1998 ) identified history, civilization, traditional festivals, historical events, beautiful scenic heritage, historical sites, architecture, common people humanistic disciplines ( music, dancing, craftwork ) and folk civilization small towns as the properties of significance. Therefore, the increasing figure of tourers and the corresponding tendency towards cultural touristry that action must be taken to cover with the issues associated with quality touristry and the protection of a state s cultural heritage topographic points from improper and over-use. Furthermore, the cultural touristry demand to awareness of the assortment of cultural heritage topographic points and the saving of environmental equilibrium in order to develop a compatible touristry ( An Ethical motives Charter for Cultural Tourism, 2000 ) . Tourism may beef up some facet by utilizing civilization and diminish others, even to the point of disappearing. The changing has relationship between cultural looks under the influence of a alteration doing agent, such as touristry. However, it is possible that under the influence of an agent of cultural alteration, an look will be substituted or adopted. The consequence can be no consequence on other cultural looks or changing grades of consequence ( Carter and Beeton, 2004 ) . In this paper, Amphawa community is located in Samutsongkhram state. It is an interesting instance to analyze because of its existent properties of local colony and community and their development through clip from the early Rattanakosin period ( the tardily seventeenth century ) to the present. This community is composed of many cultural features and subjects which relate to the history of the country, ways of life, and ways of life. The purposes of this paper are to analyze and analyse both positive and negative impacts of cultural touristry to Amphawa drifting market finishs in countries of local history, attractive forces, economic system and community. In add-ons, the paper looks for some solutions to decide jobs of cultural touristry to force touristry will go existent cultural touristry that offer a batch of benefits to local community. Cultural Tourism For cultural touristry in India, it is predominating factor of the touristry section, because India has the land of ancient history, heritage, and civilization. The authorities of India has launched the Incredible India run and this has led to the growing of civilization touristry in India. One can see the influence of assorted civilizations in dance, music, celebrations, architecture, traditional imposts, nutrient, and languages. This profusion in civilization goes a long manner in projecting India as the ultimate cultural touristry finish given encouragement to touristry in civilization in India. Rajasthan is the most popular. The ground for this is that Rajasthan is celebrated for its rich cultural heritage. The province is renowned for many brilliant castles and garrisons which showcase the rich cultural heritage of Rajasthan. The assorted common people vocals and music besides reflect the cultural heritage of Rajasthan. A big figure of festivals and carnivals are held in Rajasthan such as the camel festival, Marwar festival, and Pushkar festival ( Cultural Tourism India ) . For cultural touristry in New Zealand, it provides tourists a alone experience into the autochthonal people of New Zealand. Maori people live throughout New Zealand, and many are actively involved with maintaining their civilization and linguistic communication alive. Within Maori community has focus on societal, cultural and religious life. Traditional Carvers besides help to maintain Maori civilization alive by making intricate plants that pay regard to the yesteryear. Every pieces carved Tells a narrative, which can be read by those who know how. Maori Tourism in New Zealand started over 130 old ages ago with local Maori guiding visitants through the Central Plateau part of ( Aotearoa ) New Zealand. Tourists can bask a Maori experience with a assortment of options. The Maori people are the autochthonal people of Aotearoa ( New Zealand ) and first arrived here in waka hourua ( sailing canoes ) from their hereditary fatherland of Hawaiki over 1000 old ages ago. Today, Maori has over 14 per centum of the population. Their linguistic communication and civilization has a major impact on all aspects of New Zealand life ( NewZealand Tourism Guide ) . The Maori s mask is shown in the figure 1. Figure 1 The Maori s mask Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/maori-culture.html For Thailand, it is a state of scenic diverseness and ancient traditions, of placid temples and Thai rural manner exhilaration. With independent history, it has managed to absorb a assortment of cultural influences and intermix them into something unambiguously and unforgettably Thai. Each part of Thailand offers a typical experience for the traveller in hunt of find. In this instance concentrate on the country of Amphawa community located on Samutsongkhram state. History of Samutsongkhram Figure 2 Samutsongkhram provincial Logo Figure 3 Samutsongkhram tourer map Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tour.co.th/th/map.php Samutsongkhram state is located in the lower portion of the cardinal part of Thailand. The former name of Samutsongkhram state is Maeklong. Its name comes from the ascription of geographics, which is the location that Maeklong River runs through. This river is really of import to this state. Samutsongkhram state is about 72 kilometres west of Bangkok. It is assumed that Samutsongkhram might hold been established in the Ayuddhaya period. The modern Samutsongkham state is a small state, 416 square kilometres, and is divided into 3 administrative territories. There are Muang, Bangkhonthi and Amphawa territories. There are around 200,000 people in this state which is composed of 36 sub-districts or 278 small towns ( Samutsongkhram ) . History of Amphawa community This paper concentrates on the country of Amphawa community. Originally, Amphawa country was named Kwang Bang Chang. There is no grounds to turn out that when Kwang Bang Chang was formed. Even though it was a little community in the yesteryear, it was comfortable with commercial and agricultural activities. There was rich traditional riverbank life and classical architecture. It could be said that it was an of import beginning of nutrient and trade good for the capital metropolis as Krung Thonburi and Bangkok. Most colonies are established near a waterway, which is the traditional colony manner of nurseryman communities, although, in the present, there is more convenient transit systems such as chief roads and sub roads. This manner of colony has been preserved as a alone feature of nurseryman communities demoing that their manner of life depended on rivers and canals. There was a bunch of constructions at the side of Amphawa canal. The densest colony was in the concern country, which was the halfway portion of the town. This was located near the Amphawa canal oral cavity. Normally, a community colony was dispersed two-sides along the Bankss of the Mae Klong River, which is a major H2O path. In add-on, there are little canals, brooks and irrigation canals such as the Amphawa canal, Bangjak canal and Dow-dung canal, which all join the Mae Klong River. As in many Thai provinces the religious centre for Thais in this community has ever been the temple. On the Amphawa canal there were plentifulness of boats which sold local fruits, veggies, apparels, nutrient and merchandises necessary for life. At the oral cavity of the Amphawa canal there was a riverside individual house holding its arable country along the canal. The Amphawa community was established at the intersection of Mae Klong River and Amphawa canal which is about 20 Km. from the Gulf of Thailand ( Tourism Thailand ) . Characteristic of Amphawa drifting market Amphawa drifting market is located in SamutSongkram Province. Amphawa drifting marketA is an afternoon drifting market by the canal near Wat Amphawan Chetiyaram and brings visitants back to a rural Thai life style of old ages gone by. On Friday, Saturday and Sunday, during 12.00 p.m. 8.00 p.m. , the Amphawa Canal is occupied by sellers who pack their boats with nutrient and drinks, such as fried sea mussel, noodles, java, O-liang ( iced black java ) , Sweets, etc. Visitors can bask a comfy ambiance and music broadcast by the community members, explores the market, have nutrient, and engage a boat to see fire beetles at dark ( Amphawa Floating Market, Thailand ) . Figure 4 Amphawa Floating Market, Thailand Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amphawafloatingmarket.com/ Amphawa is the most important community in Samut Songkharm state in footings of function theoretical account for the local community s engagement in the community-based touristry that had beginning of community-based touristry ( CBT ) in Thailand since early 1990s ( Richards, 2009 ) . In 2008, there were 558,326 visitants who traveled to Samut Songkharm. Bing short distance from Bangkok, tourers can do one twenty-four hours trip to go to the Amphawa. The most preferable activities for tourer, was to remain in place stay and an eventide trip to watch fire beetles. The length of stay was mean 2.63 yearss for Thais and 4.40 yearss for aliens. The Outgos per twenty-four hours were about 2,866 Thai tical. There were 96 places stay and resorts that increased by 75 % from 2007 ( Office of Tourism Department, 2008 ) . In add-on, diverse biodiversity attracts tourers to come and go about the nature such as fire beetles that live in Lam Poo Tree along the canal of Amphawa. These natural and environment has been created as a tour plan for tourers to see and hold rubber-necking. Tourist can reach the counter to book the circuit at the drifting market themselves which cost 60 Baht per individual ( Amphawa Floating Market, Thailand ) . This community is besides important creative persons of traditional Thai humanistic disciplines and musical instruments prosper. In peculiar, it is by and large acknowledged that the best coconuts for doing fiddle are grown in this country. This is besides a celebrated centre of first-class handcrafts made in time-honoured manner. The best manner to acquire around in Ampawa is to walk or sit a motorcycle because the roads and Bridgess are narrow. Most place corsets have motorcycles available for engaging to invitees at a nominal fee. Most of tourers are Thais, and ages under 25years. The chief transit is personal auto. The intent of visit is holiday, and they are independent tourers ( TAT, 2008 ) . This is playing as the bosom of CBT, both as a motion and a shared their civilizations for hosts and invitees ( Richards, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Award ( 2008 ) Amphawa canal community has successfully achieved public-private cooperation in the saving of heritage constructions in Thailand. This award demonstrates acknowledgment of the cultural significance of Amphawa and an grasp of both the architectural and living heritage of the historic canal community. Figure 5 Amphawa canal community Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unescobkk.org/index.php? id=8109 All touristry involves the ingestion of experiences and merchandises ( McKercher and du Cros, 2002 ) . Cultural tourers want to devour a assortment of cultural experience hence cultural heritage assets must be converted into cultural touristry merchandises that tourer can use. The transmutation procedure should be sustainable direction of the cultural merchandise. Cultural heritage topographic points are normally designated by communities for touristry potency. However, it is undeniable that cultural attractive forces are besides for cultural touristry. However, since the Amphawa drifting market has prospered increasingly and repute. The figure of the place stay increased each twelvemonth to back up demand of tourers. Even though the benefits from touristry brought the development of substructure and the income from tourer s outgo, rapid development of community touristry may take to problems and struggles. The advantage impact by touristry Social Advantages Harmonizing to ATTA ( 2010 ) touristry can assist communities as touristry industry provides high criterion of local people populating. As a consequence of doing the income distribution and distribution of employment chances to local people straight such as employment in assorted concern touristry industries as hotel staffs, conveyance staffs and local ushers etc. Including making calling indirectly as people who presenting newspapers to the hotel, textile workers, banker etc. Besides it provides a comfort and convenient from the development of substructure touristry. This is an of import branch that the local people will be able more comfort and convenient along with touristry such as chief route, electricity, H2O supply and coachs etc. Furthermore, more and more tourers come that are inspiration of local people for saving and care for their owe civilization as speckless status. All of Developing, managing and operating CBT ( Richards, 2009 ) helps local people to develop new accomplishments and cognition which can help them to pass on and to back up efficaciously in support of their traditional civilizations and ways of life. Economic Advantages The local touristry industry aid cut down migration of population flows to capital that the nature of the local people if they could do money from the colony and business of their hometown, they will non immigrate to another 1. Besides touristry gives the calling chances in retail store with local people. This may be an independent calling such as local eating house, keepsake store and family industry. Furthermore, the plentiful resources within community can convey to use change over into keepsakes and besides back up common people wisdom. Include doing another new calling in local community. There are many tourist attractive forces that gain economical benefits from touristry. As a local occupant of Plai-Pong-Pang Thai house touristry small town, Samutsongkram state has been increased their gross and occupation chances from touristry industry after using cultural and eco touristry to advance their small town ( Wattanasukchai, 2002 and Sungwarn, 2003 ) . The disadvantage impact by touristry Environmental disadvantages The figure visitants have grown to more than 10,000 a hebdomad and the local environment is enduring as a consequence. Most of effluent job caused by wastewater from hotel or place corsets adjustment, followed by effluent from eating houses and topographic points of tourer attractive forces. Some topographic points discharge wastewater straight to local river or cannel without any intervention earlier. This is doing H2O pollution. Furthermore, the jobs of decomposing refuse, raging noise degrees and an addition in the cost of life in Amphawa ( The Nation travel, 2008 ) . All attractive forces have waste jobs as refuse in different degrees. That depends on cooperation between a host community and tourers who travel in sensible manner. Furthermore, Thai agriculture and fishing households who rely on Earth, wood and H2O to last frequently have to vie with the touristry industry for entree to land, sea and other indispensable resources. This makes life even more ambitious ( Richards, 200 9 ) . Traveling have a big figure of tourers, largely Westerners who ve taken a motor-boat drive from the Chao Phraya River to see the alien life style of those populating along Amphawa canal, which has served as a scene for the celebrated classic. This is conveying a great economic chance for the local community. However, this is the biggest job right now for local people by deafening motor-boat noise that continues all twenty-four hours long from forenoon boulder clay flushing for sightseeing fire beetle, in add-on to the want of privateness. A few old ages ago some angry villagers chose to chop down some nearby trees to chase away the fire beetles ( Bangkok Post, 2010 ) . Economic disadvantages The calling chance has altering from husbandmans to work in hotels, merchandisers or circuit operators. That generate agribusiness production will diminish dramatically while a demand increased. Due to the agribusiness less profitable than concern travels or hotels consistent with more figure of tourers come to Amphawa. That makes people turn more involvement to concerns hotels or place stay. This is a cause produces cost of populating addition. Social disadvantages Many host communities, particularly autochthonal communities, trade cultural looks for benefits that touristry can supply. As such, cultural looks are a direct and discernible nexus between a host civilization and the tourer. Tourism may move on cultural character to consequence alter the community. Cultural attractive forces have a function in a community and supply benefits such as mending economic system, religious enrichment and care of societal order ( Carter and Beeton, 2004 ) . However, there are people feel tourers have privileged that cause produce lessening friendly attitude to tourers and besides increasing societal struggle within community. Such as some people are against for sightseeing firefly touristry between boat operators that cause by touristry that could do money from tourers. This consequence demo local people lack the voice and influence needed to negociate a just trade from touristry development ( Richards, 2009 ) . Besides there is decrease local consciousness of the demand for sustainable development because even more visitants that means more income excessively. In add-on, the success in place stay concern has the impact for the community direction. Increasing figure of tourers caused the demand for the building of place stay. Land-use form changed to function for touristry, and caused addition in existent belongings monetary value in Amphawa. Without the consciousness from stakeholder, pureness of Amphawa will be destroyed. No control and standard makes community lost way to utilize touristry as a tool to better the quality of life. Environment and natural resources will be destroyed for commercial development without refering and Restoration every bit good. Populating Style Change Amphawa is crowded with people and autos on Friday-Sunday. Amphawa community is traveling to alter and its unity is threatened by touristry. However, this community still has life, comfortable entity to construe for, and present to, visitants. It is in consequence on outdoor life museum and cultural landscape. It represents populating history with all its attractive forces for visitants which is full of cultural corporate things related to Amphawa people and the comfortable clip in the yesteryear. The issue confronting the community is that of encouraging touristry and alteration without destructing or overpowering the heritage value of what is at that place. The inclusive and cooperation of the local community is critical in future planning ( Amphawa District, 2006 ) . Some occupants are eager to be portion of touristry development and derive some of the benefits they are entitled to. Some proprietors modified their places to function as souvenir stores. There is an art gallery and coffeehouse, such as Baan Silapin, which is affiliated to the Association of Siamese Architects and other preservation bureaus ( Bangkok Post, 2010 ) . However, betterment of sustainable touristry wo nt go on if the inhabitants refuse to abandon Thai-style entry and have no religion in their basic rights. Somehow, they besides need aid from the jurisprudence leaders by taking the manner as local community development program . Solving manner for jobs and struggles Before it s excessively late, local community and local enterprisers should acquire together to come up with a common program and understanding on what they wish to see their communities grow into. They must pull up a list of jobs that need to be adverting both long-short term challenges. Some order is needed to salvage these sites from going excessively freely developed, which would put a menace to the really construction of the singularity and appeal of these topographic points. On the other manus, tourers must be sensitive while sing such sites and seek, every bit much as possible, to back up echt local merchandises and services ( Bangkok Post, 2010 ) It would be promoting if these tourers learn more about the alone history of the topographic point they visit and bring back whatever facets they see every bit positive to use to their ain metropolis environment. Finally, all topographic points develop and it s a challenge to guarantee these alone markets or community evolves in a manner that is sympathetic to manner of ascendant life. Local community will profit from encourage tourers more sensitive cultural touristry. Decisions Cultural touristry as nostalgia for the past grows, many tourers lead to topographic points like Suphan Buri s Samchuk market, or the Amphawa drifting market as the houses have architectural value for analyzing and going for the following coevals. They are traditional wooden Thai manner houses. An architecture manner reflects manner of life of people in Amphawa as river and canal since long clip up to show based community. It is a singularity of riverside colony of people in the yesteryear. Therefore, it is apprehensible why the longing for something less efficient and retrospective is turning. Tourism provides a benefic to local community every bit high criterion of local people populating and besides all of developing, pull offing promote local people to develop new accomplishments and cognition which can help them to back up efficaciously in support of their traditional civilizations and ways of life. The growing in the community besides helps cut down the population in the capital due to they can have life by themselves. However, largely of Thai bordering communities who rely on Earth and H2O to last frequently have to vie with the touristry industry increasingly for continuing to land and other indispensable resources. This makes life even more ambitious if no control and standard makes community lost way to utilize touristry as a tool to better the quality of life. Environment and natural resources will be destroyed for trade development without refering and Restoration every bit good. Therefore, this paper may do foreign and Thai visitants come to cognize and value cultural significance of historic scene in Amphawa community and protect traditional manner of life every bit good as cultural construction from the yesteryear to nowadays of riverside people.

Battle of New Market in the Civil War

Battle of New Market in the Civil War The Battle of New Market occurred on May 15, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). In March 1864, President Abraham Lincoln elevated Major General Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and gave him command of all Union armies. Having previously directed forces in the Western Theater, he decided to give operational command of the armies in this region to Major General William T. Sherman and moved his headquarters east to travel with Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac. Grants Plan Unlike the Union campaigns of the preceding years which sought to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Grants primary goal was the destruction of General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Recognizing that the loss of Lees army would lead to the inevitable fall of Richmond as well as would likely sound the death knell of the rebellion, Grant intended to strike the Army of Northern Virginia from three directions. This was made possible by the Unions superiority in manpower and equipment. First, Meade was to cross the Rapidan River east of Lees position at Orange Court House, before swinging west to engage the enemy. With this thrust, Grant sought to bring Lee to battle outside of the fortifications the Confederates had constructed at Mine Run. To the south, Major General Benjamin Butlers Army of the James was to advance up the Peninsula from Fort Monroe and threaten Richmond, while to the west Major General Franz Sigel laid waste to the resources of the Shenandoah Valley. Ideally, these secondary thrusts would draw troops away from Lee, weakening his army as Grant and Meade attacked. Sigel in the Valley Born in Germany, Sigel had graduated from the Karlsruhe Military Academy in 1843, and five years later served Baden during the Revolution of 1848. With the collapse of the revolutionary movements in Germany, he had fled first to Great Britain and then to New York City. Settling in St. Louis, Sigel became active in local politics and was an ardent abolitionist. With the start of the Civil War, he received a commission more based on his political views and influence with the German immigrant community than his martial ability.   After seeing fighting in the west at Wilsons Creek and Pea Ridge in 1862, Sigel was ordered east and held commands in the Shenandoah Valley and the Army of the Potomac. Through poor performance and an unlikable disposition, Sigel was relegated to unimportant posts in 1863. The following March, due to his political influence, he obtained command of the  Department of West Virginia. Tasked with eliminating the Shenandoah Valleys ability to provide Lee with food and supplies, he moved out with around 9,000 men from Winchester in early May. Confederate Response As Sigel and his army moved southwest through the valley towards their goal of Staunton, Union troops initially encountered little resistance. To meet the Union threat, Major General John C. Breckinridge hastily assembled what Confederate troops were available in the area. These were organized into two infantry brigades, led by Brigadier Generals  John C. Echols and Gabriel C. Wharton, and a cavalry brigade led by Brigadier General John D. Imboden. Additional units were added to Breckinridges small army including the 257-man Corps of Cadets from the Virginia Military Institute. Armies Commanders: Union Major General Franz Sigel6,275 men Confederate Major General John C. Breckinridge4,090 men Making Contact Though they had marched 80 miles in four days to join his army, Breckinridge hoped to avoid using the cadets as some were as young as 15. Advancing towards each other, Sigel and Breckinridges forces met near New Market on May 15, 1864. Deploying on a ridge north of the town, Sigel pushed skirmishers forward. Spotting the Union troops, Breckinridge opted to take the offensive. Forming his men south of New Market, he placed the VMI cadets in his reserve line. Moving out around 11:00 AM, the Confederates advanced through thick mud and cleared New Market within ninety minutes. The Confederates Attack Pressing on, Breckinridges men encountered a line of Union skirmishers just north of the town. Sending Brigadier General John Imbodens cavalry around to the right, Breckinridges infantry attacked while the horsemen fired on the Union flank. Overwhelmed, the skirmishers fell back to the main Union line. Continuing their attack, the Confederates advanced upon Sigels troops. As the two lines neared, they began exchanging fire. Taking advantage of their superior position, the Union forces began to thin out the Confederate line. With Breckinridges line starting to waver, Sigel decided to attack. With a gap opening in his line, Breckinridge, with great reluctance, ordered the VMI cadets forward to close the breach. Coming into line as the 34th Massachusetts began their attack, the cadets braced themselves for the onslaught. Fighting with Breckinridges seasoned veterans, the cadets were able to repel the Union thrust. Elsewhere, a thrust by Union cavalry led by Major General Julius Stahel was turned back by Confederate artillery fire. With Sigels attacks faltering, Breckinridge ordered his entire line forward. Surging through the mud with the cadets in the lead, the Confederates assaulted Sigels position, breaking his line and forcing his men from the field. Aftermath The defeat at New Market cost Sigel 96 killed, 520 wounded, and 225 missing. For Breckinridge, losses were around 43 killed, 474 wounded, and 3 missing. During the fighting, ten of the VMI cadets were killed or mortally wounded. Following the battle, Sigel withdrew to Strasburg and effectively left the Valley in Confederate hands. This situation would largely remain until Major General Philip Sheridan captured the Shenandoah for the Union later that year.

Theoretical Position Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theoretical Position - Research Paper Example Hence, it has been considered important to discuss their perspectives individually so that the reader gets a better idea of the differences in their theoretical perspectives. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Fred was the Austrian psychiatrist, psychologist and neurologist and is regarded as the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud’s psychoanalysis theory beholds that there are some childhood experiences that an individual holds back into his unconscious mind without showing any disapproval to these experiences when he was a child. These experiences are coupled with his sexual individuality regarding one or both of his parents. Thus, his psychological functioning is predicted based on these experiences. The physician has to bring out these experiences or memories from the patient’s unconscious for the treatment. This was a new approach for psychoanalysis referred to as Freud’s couch (Matthis & Szecsody, 2009) in which the patient is made able to recollect his past experiences. F reud’s theory is thought to be more inclined towards the libido concept or the sexual identity of an individual. His theory of the unconscious mind states that the psychological functioning of an individual contains several layers in itself which are not just controlled by the conscious mind. The behavior is just as well controlled by what has been stored in the unconscious mind since early childhood. The goal of psychoanalysis, according to Freud, is to make the unconscious act like conscious. However, this theory has been criticized by other psychoanalysts. Carl Jung Carl Jung also studied analytical psychology and the role of unconscious on human behavior and coupled it with spirituality. He discussed the interpretation of dreams, art, mythology and religion in the context of psychoanalysis. He was of the view that human psychological functioning cannot be explained through simple logics. Although Freud and Carl worked upon the same context, that is, the unconscious mind b eyond the logical rules; however, some basic concepts of the Freudian theory regarding the legitimacy of psychoanalysis led to disagreements between the two. Jung divides his psyche theory into three portions: ego. Personal unconscious, and collective unconscious (Boeree, 2006).His personality theory describes the introversion and extroversion attitudes of humans and the four functions that control human psychology: feeling, thinking, sensation and intuition. A person behavior is controlled by two functions at a time when the other two can remain suppressed. Alfred Adler Alfred Adler is known as the neo-Freudian psychoanalyst and he also studied the unconscious part of the brain. Adler is known for his contribution more toward the development and research on psychotherapy, teacher training and counselling. Apart from looking into the basic concepts of personal psyche, he made efforts to make the fact be realized that mental illness can b e prevented by implementing social equality. He studied the effects that social relationships can have on the human behavior or psychological functioning. Thus, he makes a shift from the intra-psychic phenomenon and emphasizes more on the inter-psychic phenomenon. His approach is referred to as individual psychology which focuses on the individuality of a person rather than Freudian concept of behavior universality. He believed that the

Patient Safety & Risk Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Patient Safety & Risk Management - Coursework Example The increasing use of evidenced based prevention strategies were also embraced to ensure these errors were prevented. However, concerns were later raised concerning this ‘no blame’ approach to new ways of indentifying and dealing with poorly performing health practitioners; stressing on responsibility and accountability. The idea of shifting from a blameworthy to blameless culture was also floated. Rather than viewing problems as systems problems, the culture of viewing them as accountability problems was able to reduce some of the problems such as low hand hygiene significantly, making surgeries safer (Wachter & Pronovost 2009, 1402). The article therefore elaborates how to strike an acceptable balance between errors caused by lack of accountability, and those that result from the system where such practitioners cannot be blamed for their occurrence. Wachter & Pronovost (2009, 1402) elaborates that the cost of failure to adhere to professionalism and enforcement of safe ty standards in United States accounts to about 4000 wrong-side surgeries. This is despite the fact that these errors may be preventable through strict adherence to Universal Protocol, which clearly outlines the correct surgery sites to be followed by all surgeons. Campbell, Chin & Voo (2007, 431) argues that over the past few decades, medical profession has evolved to come of age, in enhancing more ethical practice. The above patient safety document is an example of actions being taken to ensure this objective is met. However, the above large number of poor surgical cases portrays a weakness on effectiveness of these approaches. This implies doctors are employed in the medical fraternity due to their skills and academic qualifications, devoid of imparting and stressing adherence to standards as a norm or culture in the medical field. Though the article provides concerned efforts towards solving this problem such as enhancing hygiene and computerization of systems, the large numbers of unethical practices portray ignorance is live in the medical field. Marx argues the importance of stressing on a just culture which is blameless rather than trying to solve the problems of blameworthy acts (Wachter & Pronovost 2009, 1401). This can only be possible through strict ethical practices that are well integrated within the medical profession from early training stages. Rather than finding ways to improve the hand hygiene problem, this weakness can be narrowed down to lack of ethics and professionalism in the medical fraternity. The issue of systems is a pertinent issue in the medical fraternity. For example, Wachter & Pronovost (2009, 1402) argue that in order to create safer activities, the medical fraternity is looking towards other industries to learn how these safety mechanisms, are implemented. To support this, the idea that a pilot who ignores the slightest use of checklist in the aviation industry cannot be allowed to fly, is floated as the best example. This is a good proposal as it deals with strict code of conduct in a profession, which forms a culture in such operations.. Patient welfare is central in the medical field. Brockopp & Eich (2007, 163) argue that in the current highly technologically advanced settings in the

Stress Strain Relationship Essay Example for Free

Stress Strain Relationship Essay The unique relationship between stress (intensity of force) and strain (measurement of deformation) is evident. The external forces that act on the body impose loads that affect the internal structures of the body. In biomechanics, the understanding of mechanical properties internal forces is important for preventing injury and evaluating the causes of injury. It starts with mechanical stress, the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area of the surface on which the internal force acts. The three principle stresses are tension, compression, shear in biomechanics it’s known as the three basic methods of loading. Tension involves pulling the structure, compression involves a stress that compacts the structure and shear involves pushing the structure eccentrically. Tensile stress is produced when an object or material is axially loaded in tension with forces pulling on either side. For example, the humerus is loaded axially in tension when a sit-up is done; very large tensile loads may sprain or rupture ligaments and tendons, tear muscles and cartilage, and fracture bones. Compressive stress is the axial stress that results when a load tends to push or squash the molecules of a material more tightly together at the analysis plane. For example, the femur and tibia are under compression when you are standing, as a result of your body weight pushing down; large compressive loads may cause bruising of soft tissue and crushing fractures of bones. Shear stress is a transverse stress that acts parallel to the analysis plane as a result of forces acting parallel to this plane; these forces tend to slide the molecules of the object past each other. Scissors are also referred to as shears due to creating large shear stresses in the material; however in the human body shear loads can cause blisters of the skin, joint dislocation or shear fractures of the bone. Strain is the quantification of the deformation of a material. Linear strain is produced by compressive or tensile stresses; molecules being pulled apart or pushed together, as a result some change in length accompanies this stress. However, shear strain occurs with a change in orientation of adjacent molecules as a result of these molecules slipping past each other.

Psychedelic Yoga :: essays research papers

The following article originally appeared as an uncopyrighted set of mimeographed sheets sometime during the late 1960’s, which was freely distributed on a limited basis, probably in San Francisco.   Psychedelic Yoga    The Application of Yoga Meditation Techniques to the Use of Psychedelic Sacraments    By Sri Brahmarishi Narad       The fact that psychedelic drugs induce a greater sensitivity to subtle spiritual and psychic energies, and speed up the influx of impressions from deeper levels of consciousness, raises the immediate question of how these energies can be properly understood and handled. Obviously, if these energies are not guided, they can do more harm than good. The application of traditional Yoga meditation techniques while under psychedelic experiences, can provide a constructive solution to this problem. According to Yoga philosophy, the most spiritual and powerful aspect of man's nature is the faculty of attention or consciousness. The most fundamental aspect of man's free will is the choice as to what he allows his attention to dwell upon. The attention always has to be on something, but we can choose what we allow it to dwell upon. The goal of all Yoga practices is to discover and directly experience what the attention or faculty of consciousness in man is. The yogi seeks to know that principle by which all else is known. Observing the observer or placing the attention on the attention itself achieves this goal. This may at first seem very abstract and hard to grasp in terms of practical application; but there are workable, time-proven methods for achieving this state of pure consciousness, which when consistently applied and practiced are bound to yield results. It should be constantly remembered during a psychedelic session that whatever perceptions, thoughts and even hallucinations occur -- they are all the creations of one's own mind and consciousness, and are filtered through one's own instrument of perception. These perceptions are patterns of our own psychic energy. We give energy to whatever thoughts and feelings we allow the attention to dwell upon. Wherever the power of attention is focused, it generates mental and emotional energy in the form of its own lower overtones, thus feeding and energizing the thoughts and emotions that the attention dwells upon. It becomes clear that the key to remaining in control of a psychedelic experience is in controlling the flow of attention. Distracting experiences can be avoided in the first place, and the flow of attention can be properly directed by the use of Raja Yoga techniques of meditation.

Man in the Mirror

The death of Michael Jackson has given many fans and critics cause to revisit his work. The controversies that surrounded his life in the last decade made Jackson the subject of many jokes and was threatened to end his career in shame and obscurity. But his untimely death provides an opportunity for us to look back at his musical career, and to celebrate his talents as a singer dancer and songwriter. Like other pop stars, Jackson wrote many songs about love and partying, but a number of his songs, such as Heal the World and We Are the World, showed a keen awareness of global issues such as poverty, hunger, and environmental conservation.This may seem contradictory to the questionable choices Jackson made in his personal life, so this is why Man in the Mirror may be his most personal and revealing work. With Man in the Mirror, Jackson reveals a deep inner-conflict and proposes a challenge to himself and to his listeners that in order to change the world, people must first change thems elves. There are many contrasts in the song that reveal the social issues that concerned Jackson. People without food, especially starving children, are mentioned in the song: â€Å"I see kids in the street, with not enough to eat†.The problem of homelessness and people with not enough money to borrow or loan is also discussed: â€Å"There are some with no home, not a nickel to loan†. This is in contrast to Jackson himself, who is of course wealthy enough to own: â€Å"Could it really be me pretending that they’re not alone†. Ironically, though the song is full of imagery of mirrors and reflections, it is Jackson who is unable to see. Early in the song, he sings: â€Å"Who am I to be blind, pretending not to see their needs†.Therefore, the journey he takes in the song is from blindness to being able to see the harsh realities of the world, as well as his own irresponsibility. The â€Å"mirror† in the song, or, more accurately, his own reflec tion, is a symbol of a part of himself—the part of himself that is not aware of the problems in the world. Indeed, he even speaks to his reflection as if it were another person. â€Å"I’m asking him to change his ways†. Forces of nature and the changing seasons are also treated as human beings, personified to show that they also care little for people in need. They follow the pattern of the wind ya’ see, ‘Cause they got no place to be†. Other objects are also used to symbolize the pain that exists in the world, such as â€Å"A broken bottle top† and â€Å"willow†. By the end of the song, Jackson can no longer ignore what he sees in himself and in the world. He gives himself and his audience specific instructions on how to make the world a better place. â€Å"If you wanna make the world a better place, take a look at yourself, and then make that change†.

Educational Measurement and Evaluation Essay

Educational evaluation started off as a branch of psychology in the late 50s, as a result of curriculum innovations. It was then referred to as Educational Measurement, Measurement and Evaluation or Test and Measurement. Within the last few decades, educational evaluation has grown into a separate, independent discipline, though with some leanings on the ideas of psychologists, psychometricians and statisticians. Efforts of educational evaluators have been directed specifically towards using precision, objectivity and mathematical vigour of psychological measurement in ways directly related to educational institutions, educational processes and purposes. Educational evaluation involves the systematic assessment of educational activities. Objects of evaluation include instructional programs, school initiatives and education goals. The growth in federal funding for education and policy-makers’ increased calls for school accountability have contributed to the growth of educational evaluation. Many large school districts have personnel responsible for evaluation activities. Definitions of Educational Evaluation Various ideas and definitions of educational evaluation are given by different people/researchers. According to Tuckman (1975) evaluation is a process wherein the parts, processes, or outcomes of a programme are examined to see whether they are satisfactory, particularly with reference to the stated objectives of the programme, our own expectations, or our own standards of excellence. According to Cronbach et al (1980) evaluation means the systematic examination of events occurring in and consequent on a contemporary programme. It is an examination conducted to assist in improving this programme and other programmes having the same general purpose. For Thorpe (1993) evaluation is the collection analysis and interpretation of information about training as part of a recognized process of judging its effectiveness, its efficiency and any other outcomes it may have. Measurement This is a broad term that refers to the systematic determination of outcomes or characteristics by means of some sort of assessment device. It is a systematic process of obtaining the quantified degree to which a trait or an attribute is present in an individual or object. In other words it is a systematic assignment of numerical values or figures to a trait or an attribute in a person or object. For instance what is the height of Uche? What is the weight of the meat? What is the length of the classroom? In education, the numerical value of scholastics ability, aptitude, achievement etc can be measured and obtained using instruments such as paper and pencil test. It means that the values of the attribute are translated into numbers by measurement. Principles of Educational Evaluation There are important factors to note which can serve as guides to educational evaluators in seeing to the effective planning and implementation of educational programmes, to yield the desired positive results. The classroom teacher or evaluator should always be perfectly clear in bis mind about what he is aiming to achieve i.e. what to evaluate and how to evaluate. Evaluation of educational programmes should be comprehensive i.e. assess pupils’ progress in all areas. Educational evaluation, apart from testing knowledge (Memorization), should also bring about pupils originality and use of ideas, and their ability to think and apply the knowledge and skills already learnt. It is noted here that evaluation as an integral part of the instructional process involves three steps. These are i. Identifying and defining the intended outcomes. ii. Constructing or selecting tests and other evaluation tools relevant to the specified outcomes, and iii. Using the evaluation results to improve learning and teaching. More so, evaluation is a continuous process. It is essential in all fields of teaching and learning activity where judgment needs to be made. All evaluation devices/instruments should be valid and reliable. They are valid when they measure what they aim to measure, and they are reliable when they produce consistent results over time. The teacher as an evaluator should be impartial as much as possible. He should try to avoid personal prejudices. All evaluation instruments should take into account the practical problems of administering and marking of the responses i.e. the instruments should be convenient to administer and clear to the pupils. The pupils’ responses should be easy to mark. Educational evaluation should be well planned in advance and should be carried out continuously, periodically and at least each term. Innovations Brought About in the Evaluation Technique of the Nigerian Educational System There are some faults that can be identified in the evaluation techniques used before, which through the efforts of the educational evaluators, have been corrected or perfected. The evaluation technique used before was the one-shot or final, end-of-term or year or session examination. This technique had served as a great ‘threat’ to the students, resulting in students’ cheating, memorizing notes and carrying out premature search for question papers in a bid to pass. Students who passed the end of the year examination through memorization are tagged brilliant while those who failed either as a result of initial problems or due to lack of proper guide are regarded as being dull. Efforts have greatly been made to see that students’ progress in school which has been neglected before is adequately monitored. The problems of the student in specific intellectual task which are not detected until late before are now easily detected. The one shot end-of-term examination technique which has been given undue publicity in schools, leading to tension in the students, have been greatly de-emphasized due to progressive monitoring of students’ achievement, during the term or session and the introduction of continuous assessment method. Great efforts are now been made by evaluators to de-emphasize consideration tor certificate only in job placement but to consider also the skill and interest of individuals in the job. In the previous evaluation technique used, the students’ assessment is usually not conducted in a systematic way. Assignments given to students are not always marked or graded. Students are given class test to keep them busy when the teacher is not around or when the lesson is not prepared for. The introduction of continuous assessment in all schools has had a tremendous impact in the gradual if not total elimination of these lapses. The use of diagnostic evaluation in determining the entry level or educational background of the pupils has helped considerably in checking various problems associated with mass admission of students. Previously, undue emphasis had been given to the cognitive achievement of the students at the expense of the affective and psychomotor domains. Now intensive efforts are in progress to evaluate the students in both. The educational evaluators are making tireless efforts to see to the complete eradication of all problems hi students’ assessment that can lead to examination malpractices. The Purpose of Measurement and Evaluation The main purposes of measurement and evaluation are: i. Placement of student, which involves bringing students appropriately in the learning sequence and classification or streaming of students according to ability or subjects. ii. Selecting the students for courses – general, professional, technical, commercial etc. iii. Certification: This helps to certify that a student has achieved a particular level of performance. iv. Stimulating learning: this can be motivation of the student or teacher, providing feedback, suggesting suitable practice etc. v. Improving teaching: by helping to review the effectiveness of teaching arrangements. vi. For research purposes. vii. For guidance and counseling services. viii. For modification of the curriculum purposes. ix. For the purpose of selecting students for employment x. For modification of teaching methods. xi. For the purposes of promotions to the student. xii. For reporting students progress to their parents. xiii. For the awards of scholarship and merit awards. xiv. For the admission of students into educational institutions. xv. For the maintenance of students. Educational evaluation provides adequate and effective feedback on students’ achievement not only in the cognitive area, but also hi the areas of interest and manipulative skill. It provides feed-back from students to the teacher about the effect of the teacher’s teaching method. It also provides feedback from the teachers to the parents about their ward’s performance. It provides feed-back from school administrators to the policy makers to determine the success of the programme. Continual educational evaluation provides valuable information about the pupils’ progress and comparison with other pupils in the class. Adequate educational evaluation also acts as an incentive to pupils’ studies. The test, examination and evaluation devices stimulate pupils’ interest and enable them to make, greater efforts. Without the use of evaluation devices, most pupils will not take their learning seriously. The use of such evaluation devices as observational techniques, assignments, continuous assessment and projects prevents one-short examinations which can lead to excessive memorization, cramming, unhealthy competition, and the complete neglect of other non-measurable aims of education. Educational evaluation provides pupils record of attainment which can be used for selection for further education, for placement into class or job, and for guidance and counselling purposes. Evaluation of pupils’ progress provides a valuable source material for educational research. Data on pupils’ achievements can help research workers and teachers to identify important educational problems in schools and provide solutions which will help in the improvement of the quality of education. Role of Agencies of Evaluation In Educational Development. Some of the agencies of educational evaluation in Nigeria are: West African Examination Council (WAEC), National Teachers Institute (NTI), National Business and Technical Examinations Board (NABTEM), Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), Colleges of Education, Technical Colleges, Polytechnics and Universities. The government, through the Nigerian Educational Research Council (NERC) reforms the national educational policy and objectives, with the aim of designing new curricula for the various levels of the educational system. The West African Examination Council controls all forms of educational development and evaluation of the school certificate or general certificate ordinary and advance levels. WAEC is the curriculum planner, developer and evaluator. The teachers are the implementors. WAEC designs the syllabus for the various subjects offered at various levels of secondary education each year. It is on the syllabus that the teachers based their scheme of work, their specific objectives and their lesson plans. At the end of duration of the course WAEC organizes assessment examinations for school certificate and general certificate (OIL & A/L). It prepares a general time-table, appoint supervisors for the conduct of the examinations, and appoint experienced markers to mark the answer scripts, collate the marks, carry out the analysis of the results to determine the grade to which each student’s mark falls, In Nigeria, the WAEC result is the standard eligibility result, qualifying each candidate for further studies or for job selection and placement. National Teachers Institute: Â  Carries out similar functions as WAEC but is concerned with Teachers Grade II certificate only. Recently it has got involved in the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) Sandwich programme. National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEM): The board conducts, assesses and controls all forms of examinations involving technical colleges and institutes of education throughout the nation. It has its headquarters in Benin. The function of the board is similar to that of WAEC. In addition to basic sciences, they also examine all subjects in technical education, social studies and English language. The result obtained here can be used for further studies or job placements. Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB): It represents the transitional agency from the secondary to the tertiary institutions such as the colleges of Education, Polytechnics and Universities. Its role is to set common entrance examination questions in all subjects, for all candidates seeking admission into higher institutions. Candidates with good passes in advance level papers or NCE are offered direct admission to the Universities of their choice. Conclusion and Recommendations In general, those practitioners in the educational system are most of the times interested in ascertaining the outputs of the educational programme. Output is counted in terms of test results which are naturally expressed in quantitative indices such as scores or marks. Test, which is a device, an instrument or a tool consisting of a set of tasks or questions, is used to obtain the results. Test can be in the form of pen and paper examination, assignments, practical etc. The process of administering this test is called testing. But an act of measurement is done when we award marks to an answer paper or assignment. So measurement gives the individual’s ability in numerical indices of scores i.e. measurement is quantitative. Assessment can be seen as the engine that drives and shapes learning, rather than simply an end of term examination that grades and reports performance. Evaluation is expressed in qualitative indices such as good, excellent pass or fail. Value judgment is therefore attached to the measurement. Evaluation can be placement, formative, diagnostic or summative REFERENCES Cronbach, L. J. (1960); Essentials of psychological testing (2nd edition), New York: Harper. Obimba, F.U. (1989); Fundamental of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. Owerri, Totan Pub. Ltd. Paul, L. D. (1976); Handbook of Academic Evaluation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ohuche, R.O. and Akeju, S.A. (1977); Testing and Evaluation in Education. Lagos: African Educational Resources (AER) STRAIDE Handbook (2002); Assessment and Evaluation in Distance Education. New Delhi: A Publication of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). Tuchman, B.W. (1975); Measuring Educational Outcomes Fundamental of Testing. Atlanta: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich inc.

Dhl Stakeholders in Conjuction with Marks and Spencer Essay Example

Dhl Stakeholders in Conjuction with Marks and Spencer Essay Example Dhl Stakeholders in Conjuction with Marks and Spencer Essay Dhl Stakeholders in Conjuction with Marks and Spencer Essay From three employees in 969 to 300,000 in 2008, the approach dedication has remained the same, our success has always been based around delivering excellent service for our customers. Never complacent, DEL has become a brand acknowledged for personal commitment proactive solutions local strength. At the heart of its success are its employees who focus on the customers needs provide Individually customized solutions. Corporate citizenship is an integral part of our companys ethos our approach to It strongly supports the DEL vision, mission values. It Is also aligned with the sustainability strategy of our company, Deutsche Post World Net. Our DEL mission Is that DEL enhances the business of our customers by offering the highest quality express logistics solutions based on strong local expertise combined with the most extensive global network presence. DEL attracts develops retains exceptional people by creating a truly global working environment placing value on our multicultural heritage. DEL delivers above-average returns by providing superior quality solutions at all levels of the business processes. DEL is responsible corporate citizens in all countries in which we operate taking into account the social environmental needs of our employees, local communities and the public. Our vision at DEL Is that Customers trust DEL as the preferred global express logistics partner, leading the Industry in terms of quality, profitability market share Also from our current work, there are signals that our customers particularly theses that are global brands have Increasingly rigorous expectations of their suppliers In terms of their ethical, social environmental performance. DEL also deliver seven corporate values, with corporate citizenship being an integral part of todays business oral. Nowadays a companys success is considered not just in commercial terms. It is also Judged on the impact it has on the people it touches, the places where it operates on its ethics. Because of the nature of corporate citizenship its reach into the breath depth of an organization. Our work also supports the other Group Corporate Values, which are; To deliver excellent quality To make our customers successful To foster openness To act according to clear priorities To act In an entrepreneurial way. To act with integrity externally 10 accept social responsibilities Our core values let us know reputation is everything that is takes years to build must be protected enhanced, It is part of fulfilling our customers expectations of us. It shows our largest customers demand proof that our commitment to corporate citizenship is equal to theirs. It shows that the management is switched on prepared for the future, in front of any task. They are a challenge a guide for us; they accompany our process of development develop along with us. The code of conduct arises from these values is oriented on such international conventions deadlines as those of the universal declaration of human rights. Stakeholders are groups of people who have an interest in a business organization and at DEL we have a wide range of stakeholders both internal external. As part of our approach to corporate citizenship, we believe that it is vital that we identify our stakeholders either consult them or establish a dialogue with them to understand their key concerns this will help us shape our future activities to be sensitive to the impact that they have. Engaging our stakeholders allows us to gather input ideas, improve decision aging, gain an understanding of the different viewpoints, anticipate manage conflict, strengthen relationships enhance corporate reputation. In DEL our stakeholders are: Our customers, an external stakeholder who has a use the services provided by DEL, has an interest of them to deliver quality. Our shareholders, an internal stakeholder who holds shares within DEL, they have an interest in the profit, performance of DEL. Our business partners, an external stakeholder our business partners are our big customers which involve the likes of Amazon, EBay, Avon. Local communities, an external stakeholder whos interest revolves around Job opportunities and environmental issues. Suppliers, an in internal stakeholder, the relationships we forge with our supplier partners are key to our teams agility, integrity and competitiveness, and our ability to meet our customers needs. Financial institutions, an external stakeholder, our aim is to meet the current and future needs of our financial customers through careful customization of our global distribution and e- Commerce capabilities. Media, an external stakeholder, the media is one of Dells ways of communication about the company. Whether it is advertising, press conferences or company information. Nation local governments, an external stakeholder who have an interest in the company about taxation, VAT and legislation. We use our stakeholders to be guided by their views concerns by engaging with our stakeholders we make better decisions find better solutions. Stakeholders at DEL have different views on why their stakeholders, at this company for example shareholders would have more of an interest to maximize profit of the company also the value of shares. While employees have an interest to improve heir salaries the security of their Job. At DEL our stakeholders main objectives is to see customer excellence delivered to the best of our ability to enable our stakeholders to grow and grow. Because at DEL we Just dont listen to our stakeholders, we are guided by their views concerns. By engaging with stakeholders we make netter echelons Tina netter solutions, wanly makes our stakeholders objectives clear, for DEL to grow and succeed. With our warehouse working in conjunction with Marks Spencer we work in two different departments. We have boxed warehouse operatives hanging warehouse operatives. Boxed operatives are responsible for receiving, put away picking of all home wear items in Marks Spencer. While hanging operatives are responsible or the receiving, put away picking of clothing items supplied by Marks Spencer. Above the boxed hanging warehouse operatives are the boxed hanging team leaders. They are responsible for the overseeing of the boxed hanging operatives to insure all objectives handed out by managers our carried out that all operatives are allocated over the warehouse. After the boxed hanging team leaders we have the boxed hanging section managers. If any warehouse operatives have any queries they report to section manager who also ensure health safety is at its standard in their department. They are also a stand in manager for shift manager. Next in the organization chart is the shift manager who is in charge of their shift when dealing with staff who need shift changes, holidays, also ensuring targets set by Marks Spencer are met that all work hours spread sheets are checked confirmed. Each shift has its own warehouse. The warehouse manager is to manage the day to day operations of the warehouse, also manage the team leaders, and ensure the distraction achievement of the companys obligation to its customers, contractual and other. They are to ensure a successful operation, probability, productivity, quality people management. The warehouse Manager then reports to the operations manager who also works along side the finance manager as planning manager. The operations manager ensures confirms that all operations are on going, executing against customer requirements, operational performance. He reports to the general manager who works alongside DEL Marks Spencer about the functioning of the warehouse to maximize the weekly, monthly and annual reference of the site. Our warehouse also works with an HER department which starts off with our HER manager, who would be in charge of the HER department also deal with disciplinary hearings. HER then breaks down into a training department also stays with HER into an HER officer. The HER officer deals with holidays from operatives, also problems with peoples pay packages are responsible for the recruitment selection. The training officer is in charge for setting up the training programs, whether it is new health safety or new operations that come into place. Training assistants are brought in from the shop lord to pass on their experience to new employees to employees who need further training. An HER administrator is responsible to the HER officer is responsible for all administrative duties within the HER department. HER assistants are also brought in off the floor to help with employees who have enquires with holidays or unlooses enquiry AT work mourn. As any large company does we also have a financial manager who is in charge of all the financial matters of the warehouse such as new equipment and uniforms must ensure and work within a set budget. The planning manager is in charge of planning he warehouse layout of any improvements needed. Our warehouse also has an inventory manager assistants who are in charge of office materials also do quality control checks on staff who receive stock into the warehouse, to make sure it hasnt been under or over received, to understand Dells stock loss contractual liability and ensure any potential risk is effectively mitigated. They also do stock counts on stock to make sure all is correct on the system. The finance manager also works along fiance © administrator finance assistants they provide paper work set up of charts for the general manager. For organization chart see Appendix 0. 1) In my organization our management starts off with the General Manager whose role in the warehouse is to maximize the weekly, monthly annual performance of the warehouse by providing leadership and also focusing on customer requirements who in our case is Marks Spencer. The manager is also responsible for having the warehouse running in an effective operational performance that ensures targets are met. They should also ensure their work force is motivated with the will to drive on success, they must also ensure succession planning making DEL a great place to org. They should also be aware of the contribution of the company to the commercial environment, taking responsibility for attracting new additional business. (For General Manager Job role see Appendix 0. ) Next in line to General Manger is Operations Manager, whose purpose is to maximize the performance of the operation by directing the daily, weekly monthly activities also provide leadership within the workplace motivation to other workers. The Operations Manager also organisms the workforce but mainly executing against customer requirements Marks Spencer operational performance making DEL a read place to work. They our also responsible for all operations in boxed hanging departments m aking sure all targets are being met. (For Operations Manager Job role see Appendix 0. ) Next in the operational role comes team leader which is a supervisory role. Their role is to assign work schedules to ensure that team members are trained in warehouse processes. They must also monitor their progress by carrying out productivity accuracy checks allocation of warehouse operatives. They also have to carry out warehouse operative duties if the warehouse has more work than planned. It is also their duty to report any breaches of health safety regulations incidents / accidents to Management / health safety officer. Team leaders are also assigned additional duties by management. For Team Leader Job role see Appendix 0. 4) (For Management structure see Appendix u In my organization middle managers play a key role within their shift. They are measured against their general responsibilities. General responsibilities of our section managers are to deliver our basic team management w hich is ensuring staff know what is required of them. They must plan, manage adjust staffing levels to et operational requirements- this is making sure staff are allocated to right places in the warehouse by working long side team leader. They are to ensure a safe, secure, clean fair work environment for team members. This involves working along with the health safety officer, ensuring that the department is complying with health safety standards. They are also to deliver team member performance reviews, this is informing staff about their work rate what level it is sitting at They must also facilitate effective communication ensuring that all staff are given clear instructions on what is required of them. At times they are to manage all disciplinary grievance issues in line with H. R policy. This will involve briefing staff on their disciplinary hearings letting them know what action is being taken. Other middle management responsibilities include: Ensuring compliance to standard operating procedures, this is ensuring all operations are being run at an above average standard and that reasonable quality is being produced. Ensuring company policies are communicated, applied enforced, this is making sure all staff are clear on the warehouse rules guidelines that they are followed in the right manner. They must work in collaboration with other DEL sites to maximize efficiencies best practice, this will involve communicating other DEL warehouses on ideas that might improve the work force They must also organism lead the focus on improved productivity levels. When an effective plan has been completed, such as easier work layout allocation to enable it to staff maintain it. For section managers to have successful objectives they are to have key relationships with: Team members General Manager Operations Manager Supervisors Team leader Customer representatives Vendors While carrying out their work duties they must have a strong focus. Squired to focus on: Direction of work Development execution of the shift / daily / weekly plans Workload planning, staffing, volume Resource deployment They are service performance Customer / vendor visits Management Style (For Middle Manager Job role see Appendix 0. 6) In my organization our managers would be categorized as an autocratic leader. T his is because in my company all orders are given by the customer Marks Spencer must be set out to provide results for objectives that have been set. Mangers fall under this category for giving out all policies, making decisions insuring all objectives are completed. It also means that staff are being used in their preferred job roles that they are known for. In my organization there is a wide range of communication used, but depending on what role you have in the warehouse, communication can be limited. For the likes of General Manager, H. R Manager, Operations Manager, Warehouse Manager, Shift Managers Section Managers their main source of communication would be email with DEL Marks Spencer also with each other, which comes in useful when communicating using data such as charts spreadsheets. The warehouse has an internal telephone system, which has a number of telephones points which staff can use to contact management team leaders. Before the start of a shift the main method of communication used of staff would be by having a Daily Team Brief (For Team Brief see Appendix 0. 7) this is when management displays all information on page it is explained out by team leader. The team brief gives such information as how many items are to be picked out for stores, also how the overall productivity is standing. It gives information on the days events e. . Number of lorries arriving into the warehouse for off loading. Health safety information is also given for staff to be reminded of. An Any other business section is also given which sets reminders for staff about any wrong doings that can lead to disciplinary action, also of new Job opportunities, having no mobile phones inside warehouse. Other ways of communication around the warehouse would be the use of notice boards such as union news. The board would display when the next meeting would be how past meetings went. The H. R notice board tells people of sickness news available weeks to book off for holidays. Recently our warehouse has started its own newsletter. The newsletter gives staff information on how Marks Spencer stores are doing, how figures our standing in the warehouse, movements that are happening in the warehouse, also Job opportunities that are available. When it comes to my organization communicating with colleagues outside the warehouse such as Marks Spencer DEL, most of this is done by email telephone. Around every three months Marks Spencer DEL representatives from Ireland headquarters visit the warehouse to see how performance is going, it gives management an opportunity to communicate face to face for a better understanding. Out of these types of communication our best form of communication would be out team brief. This would be our form of communication that works well with us Decease all star our present. I newer Is vernal communication wanly means star can understand clearly what they need to know. Staff are also able to ask questions themselves get any points they would like across with mostly instant replies. It also means that all staff is getting the same message given to each other so that theres no confusion between them When Marks Spences visit a number of questions are answered on the spot, questions such as Job security, upcoming events new Jobs. Our news letter gives employees management opportunity to communicate with staff on all shifts which works out well for the likes of night shift workers who are in on non- operational hours of work. Notice boards can sometimes give staff useful information such as available holiday hours, but these boards are at times not kept up to date which means staff dont get the right information needed. At times in my organization all staff arent given the information in full which can cause confusion among workers, this would be workers that work on core day hours arent involved in a team brief. Also Information is also given that is irrelevant to staff for their duties egg information from other departments. Other barriers with my organization would be when Marks Spencer demand stock each day while DEL prefer to send out full lorries as it is more efficient. With my our organization having such a large complex it can sometimes be difficult getting in touch with a member of staff. Ways we can overcome my organization not giving out staff information is give them a quick brief when they start despite their start time, When giving staff information they are given the information they need require for there working ay. With Marks Spencer becoming a fuel efficient company with DEL they have made a number of the small stores reduce their orders from day to day to two times a week, which means DEL can send out lorries with more loads saving on CO emissions due to less traveling involved. Our complex was a Tanana audio system installed over the speaker system meaning a member of of staff can be called out to meet in a certain destination to communicate face to face. Interpersonal relationships in my organization involve communication with a number of people we employ from Eastern Europe who arent fluent on English.